WEB4 : EVOLUSI KONSEPTUAL, TEKNOLOGI PENDUKUNG, DAN TANTANGAN TATA KELOLA – SEBUAH TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67401/j-csat.v4i2.41Keywords:
agen ai otonom, blockchain, internet of things, prisma 2020, web4Abstract
Web4 mencuat sebagai wacana generasi keempat World Wide Web yang mengonvergensikan kecerdasan buatan otonom, infrastruktur terdesentralisasi, dan lingkungan fisik-digital yang imersif. Meskipun Komisi Eropa telah merumuskan visi kebijakannya sejak tahun 2023, landasan bukti akademis mengenai Web4 masih terbatas dan terus berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bukti ilmiah mengenai Web4 berpatokan pada tiga aspek utama: pemetaan definisi dan posisinya terhadap generasi Web terdahulu, pemetaan tumpukan teknologi penyusun beserta tingkat kematangannya, serta analisis tantangan adopsinya. Tinjauan sistematis ini menggunakan protokol PRISMA 2020. Pengumpulan data memanfaatkan strategi pencarian Boolean dan MeSH melalui Consensus serta penelusuran pada pangkalan data IEEE Xplore, Wiley, Frontiers, dan SSRN. Dari hasil penyaringan dan deduplikasi, terpilih 20 studi relevan yang diterbitkan dalam rentang tahun 2020–2026. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa keragaman definisi Web4 terbagi ke dalam tiga kerangka konseptual: simbiosis manusia-mesin, koordinasi entitas otonom, dan logika internet berbasis kecerdasan buatan. Tumpukan teknologinya mencakup agen otonom, blockchain, Web Semantik, interoperabilitas agen, Internet of Things (IoT), dan augmented reality (AR), yang mayoritas masih berada pada fase prototipe hingga adopsi awal. Hambatan adopsi terberat berpusat pada masalah interoperabilitas, tata kelola kecerdasan buatan lintas yurisdiksi, dan perlindungan privasi identitas digital. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman komprehensif mengenai peta jalan Web4 dan ditutup dengan penyusunan agenda penelitian masa depan empat bagian serta identifikasi keterbatasan cakupan pencarian literature.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Asrul Paelori Ahmad, Bayu Rizki (Author)
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